The doctrine of substitutionary atonement is the soteriological concept of paganism and is non-perfectable since first degree murder must be committed in any attempt to put that soteriological divice into effect. Jesus Christ was murdered when he was crucified. See Acts 7:52. Murder cannot ever be a direct benefit. It is a sin. Now with that said; What is the corporate sin that was committed about fifty days previously and then repented of in Acts 2 in order to be added to the church Jesus Christ is head of?