There are other texts where "water and the Spirit" are found together, cf. 1:26, 31; Matt 3:11; Mk 1:8; Lk 3:16, where water and Spirit are found side by side, in connection with baptism.

Baptism, however is not sufficient in itself to save; the Spirit's work of regeneration (new birth), irresistible grace, etc., must be done. In fact, in many other places in Scripture, it is this work which is said to be needed to be saved without the addition of baptism by water, e.g., in vss. 6 and 8.

In His Grace,


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simul iustus et peccator

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