Hi Robin,

According to Calvinism, all your answers are peripheral - cloud cover - (actually, as I see it, irrelevant) to the ultimate reasons why, which is, simply because God did not choose them…period (cf. WC III: Of God's Eternal Decree). For all intents and purposes, as far as Calvinism is concerned, the first and ultimate cause of the damnation of the “non-elect” is God’s choice to damn them: “…He (has) not decreed anything because He foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions”.